Endocytosis [exocytosis]

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Anecdotal observations by John Thomas

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Endocytosis: a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.

The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested material.

Endocytosis includes pinocytosis (cell drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It is a form of active transport.

Exocytosis: a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell by secreting them through an energy-dependent process.

Exocytosis and its counterpart, endocytosis, are used by all cells because most chemical substances important to them are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic portion of the cell membran by passivemeans.

Exocytosis is the process by which a large amount of molecules are released; thus it is a form of bulk transport. Exocytosis occurs via secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes.

Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structure at the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.

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